10월 1일 국군의 날 역사와 의미
October 1 – The History and Significance of South Korea’s Armed Forces Day
1. Background of Armed Forces Day
Armed Forces Day commemorates the historic event during the Korean War in 1950, when the ROK Army’s 3rd Division became the first to cross the 38th parallel. This was more than a tactical victory—it symbolized the Republic of Korea’s ability to defend itself through its own military strength.
The day was officially designated on September 21, 1956, by Presidential Decree No. 1173, unifying separate commemorations held by the Army, Navy, and Air Force into one national observance. Its purpose was to strengthen public awareness of national defense and recognize the sacrifices of the military.
Since then, every October 1 has stood as a solemn reminder of the courage and unity of the South Korean Armed Forces.
2. Legal Foundation and Purpose
Armed Forces Day is not merely a symbolic holiday—it is an official national observance established by Presidential Decree.
- Article 1 (Presidential Decree No. 1173): “October 1 shall be designated as Armed Forces Day.”
- Article 2: Mandates the promotion of national defense awareness through educational and commemorative programs.
In addition, Ministry of National Defense Directives Nos. 313 and 314 outline how ceremonies should be organized:
- Large-scale events every five years, often held at Seoul Air Base or Jamsil Sports Complex.
- Military parades typically conducted along Gwanghwamun, Teheran-ro, or Sungnyemun areas in Seoul.
These legal and administrative foundations demonstrate that Armed Forces Day is an integral part of Korea’s defense policy and national identity.
3. The Global Standing of the ROK Armed Forces
Today, the Republic of Korea Armed Forces rank among the world’s top five militaries, recognized for their technological advancement, strategic capability, and readiness.
From traditional military power to cyber warfare and space defense, Korea has evolved into a comprehensive security force respected worldwide.
Through active participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) and international humanitarian missions, South Korea contributes to global peace and stability, reinforcing its image as a responsible and capable military power.
This status embodies more than defense—it represents Korea’s unwavering commitment to peace, sovereignty, and the safety of its citizens.
4. Broader Social and Political Significance
Armed Forces Day holds deep social and political meaning beyond its military roots.
It serves as a national occasion for citizens to reflect on the freedom and stability protected by the sacrifices of soldiers, while promoting solidarity between the military and the public.
From a political perspective, the commemoration helps communicate national defense policies and strengthen trust in government institutions.
From a social perspective, it fosters patriotism, civic responsibility, and a shared understanding of Korea’s security challenges—particularly among younger generations.
Thus, the annual ceremony is not merely a military parade but a symbol of the bond between the people and the Armed Forces, affirming that national defense is the foundation of peace.
5. Conclusion
Armed Forces Day is more than a date on the calendar—it is a day to honor the fallen heroes and the living soldiers who safeguard the Republic of Korea.
In an era of global instability, the comfort and safety that Koreans enjoy today are built upon the dedication, sacrifice, and discipline of the military.
October 1 is a moment to remember that freedom is never free, and that peace is secured through vigilance, unity, and respect for those who serve.
By continuing to honor the spirit of Armed Forces Day, South Korea strengthens not only its national defense but also its identity as a nation that values peace, resilience, and gratitude.
References:
- Presidential Decree No. 1173, Designation of Armed Forces Day (1956)
- Ministry of National Defense Directives Nos. 313 & 314
- Ministry of National Defense Press Release, Meaning and Ceremony of Armed Forces Day (2024)
- Republic of Korea Defense White Paper (2024)
- Global Firepower Index (2025)
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